PUBLICATIONS
APPLIED RESEARCH
Our team of collaborators conduct applied research to develop and validate effective prevention and control tools and methods to anticipate and respond to invasive mosquitoes and disease outbreaks. To view more articles by PacVec researchers, visit PubMed.
PACVEC RESEARCHERS
Learn more about the PacVec researchers from the lead institutions, UC Davis and UC Riverside!
PACVEC TRAINING GRANTEES
Learn more about our PacVec training grant recipients!
2021
- Scott JD, Pascoe EL, Sajid MS, Foley JE. Detection of Babesia odocoilei in Ixodes scapularis Ticks Collected in Southern Ontario, Canada. Pathogens. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030327
- Amos BA, Cardé RT. Efficiency of the CO2-baited omni-directional Fay-Prince trap under semi-field conditions and characterizing response behaviours for the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Med and Vet Entomol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12516
- Mack LK, Kelly ET, Lee Y, Brisco KK, Cornel AJ, Attardo GM et al. Frequency of sodium channel genotypes and association with pyrethrum knockdown time in populations of Californian Aedes aegypti. Parasites & Vectors. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04627-3
- López-Pérez AM, Chaves A, Sánchez-Montes S, Foley P, Uhart M, Foley J et al. Diversity of rickettsiae in domestic, synanthropic, and sylvatic mammals and their ectoparasites in a spotted fever-epidemic region at the western US-Mexico border. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14027
- Holcomb KM, Reiner RC, Barker CM. Spatio-temporal impacts of aerial adulticide applications on populations of West Nile virus vector mosquitoes. Parasites & Vectors. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04616-6
- Onyango MG, Attardo GM, Kelly ET, Bialosuknia SM, Stout J, Banker E et al. Corrigendum: Zika Virus Infection Results in Biochemical Changes Associated With RNA Editing, Inflammatory and Antiviral Responses in Aedes albopictus. Front Microbiol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.642886
- Main BJ, Marcantonio M, Johnston S, Rasgon JL, Brown CT, Barker CM. Whole-genome assembly of Culex tarsalis. G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkaa063
- Qiu J, Wheeler SS, Reed M, Goodman GW, Sy ND, Gan J et al. When vector control and organic farming intersect: Pesticide residues on rice plants from aerial mosquito sprays. Sci Total Environ. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144708
- Lopéz‐Perez AM, Plourde B, Smith K, Rubino F, Pascoe E, Foley JE et al. Impacts of timber harvest on communities of small mammals, ticks, and tick-borne pathogens in a high-risk landscape in northern California. Journal of Medical Entomology. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa297
2020
- Pascoe EL, Plourde BT, Lopéz‐Perez AM, Foley JE. Response of small mammal and tick communities to a catastrophic wildfire and implications for tick-borne pathogens. Journal of Vector Ecology. 2020 Nov 18. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12398
- Snyder RE, Feiszli T, Foss L, Messenger S, Fang Y, Barker CM et al. West Nile virus in California, 2003-2018: A persistent threat. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Nov 18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008841
- Torres R, Hernandez E, Flores V, Ramirez JL, Joyce AL. Wolbachia in mosquitoes from the Central Valley of California, USA. Parasites Vectors. 2020 Nov 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04429-z
- Donnelly MAP, Kluh S, Snyder RE, Barker CM. Quantifying sociodemographic heterogeneities in the distribution of Aedes aegypti among California households. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 1-3. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Why AM, Choe DH, Walton WE. Semiochemicals associated with the western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, and their effect on the oviposition behavior of Culex tarsalis. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 4-6. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Goldmann A, Nyman B, Walton WE. Larvicidal treatment of ornamental bromeliads to control invasive Aedes. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 7-8. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Holcomb KM, Barker CM. Evaluating ivermectin-treated backyard chickens as a novel urban West Nile virus control strategy. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 9-10. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Louie W, Coffey LL. Impacts of larva-acquired Aedes aegypti microbiota on vector competence for Zika virus. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 11. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Amos BA, Staunton KM, Ritchie SA, Carde RT. Attraction versus capture: efficiency of BG-Sentinel trap under semi-field conditions and characterizing response behaviors for Aedes aegypti. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 13. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Federici B, Bideshi D, Park HW, Hice R, Walton W, Arensburger P. Synthetic biology improves bacterial larvicides. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 14-15. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Pascoe EL, Marcantonio M, Caminade C, Foley JE. Using distribution models to inform surveillance for invasive ticks. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 19-21. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Sy ND, Wheeler SS, Su S, Reed M, Brisco KK, Cornel AJ, Gan J. Evaluation of pyrethroid residues in California urban catch basins and associated Culex pipiens permethrin resistance. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 24-26. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Simpson JK, Johnson K, Barker CM. CalSurv Application Programming Interface (API) and Tick module. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 42. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Johnson K, Ranck S, Simpson JK, Barker CM. Gateway gotchas: a review of data entry methods, analysis tools, and common errors for the CalSurv Gateway. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 43-44. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Ranck S, Leland M, Main BJ, Johnson K, Simpson K, Barker CM. CalSurv Maps. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 45-46. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Main BJ, Thiemann T, Brown CT, Barker CM. The emergence of multiple kdr alleles in Culex tarsalis in California. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 91. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- De La Vega SR, Huang S, Ryan B, Lucchesi E, Thiemann T. Insecticide resistance and the identification of resistance mechanisms in populations of Culex tarsalis from San Joaquin County, California. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 93-94. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Wang X, Cummings RF, Octaviani S, Shin AT, Shin PI, Bastear JL, Yan G. Significance of Underground Storm Drain Systems (USDS) Breeding Sites for Invasive Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes in Southern California. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 130-131. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Abel S, Williams D, Ireri S, Brown M, Su S, Hung K, Henke J, Le Roch KG. A deep investigation into the virome of Culex mosquitoes in California using small RNA sequencing. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 88: 158. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/ppmv-88-01-combined-finals.pdf
- Main BJ, Marcantonio M, Johnston JS, Rasgon JL, Brown CT, Barker CM. Whole genome assembly of Culex tarsalis. . 2020 Jul 31.
- Holeva-Eklund WM, Behrens TK, Hepp CM. Systematic review: the impact of socioeconomic factors on Aedes aegypti mosquito distribution in the mainland United States. Rev Environ Health. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2020-0028
- Donnelly MAP, Kluh S, Synder RE, Barker CM. Quantifying sociodemographic heterogeneities in the distribution of Aedes aegypti among California households. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Jul 21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008408
- Sambado S, Saloman J, Crews A, Swei A. Mixed transmission modes promote persistence of an emerging tick-borne pathogen. Disease Ecology. 2020 Jun 21. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3171
- Mader EM, Ganser C, Geiger A, Harrington LC, Foley J, Smith et al. A survey of tick surveillance and control practices in the United States. J Med Entomol. 2020 Jun 17. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa094
- Swetnam DM, Stuart JB, Young K, Maharaj PD, Fang Y, Garcia S…Coffey LL. Movement of St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Western United States, 2014-2018. PLoS Neg Trop Dis. 2020 Jun 10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008343
- López-Pérez AM, Orozco L, Zazueta OE, Fierro M, Gomez P, Foley J. An exploratory analysis of demography and movement patterns of dogs: new insights in the ecology of endemic Rocky Mountain-Spotted Fever in Mexicali, Mexico. PLoS One. 2020 May 21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233567
- Amos BA, Ritchie SA, Cardé RT. Attraction versus capture II: efficiency of the BG-sentinel trap under semifield conditions and characterizing response behaviors of male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 2020 May 4. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa065
- Sholty K, Pascoe EL, Foley J, Stephenson N, Hacker G, Straub M et al. Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum Genospecies in Northern California. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2020 Apr 28. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2019.2483
- Schmidt H, Collier TC, Hanemaaijer MJ, Houston PD, Lee Y, Lanzaro GC. Abundance of conserved CRISPR-Cas9 target sites within the highly polymorphic genomes of Anopheles and Aedes Nat Commun. 2020 Mar 18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15204-0
- Winokur OC, Main BJ, Nicholson J, Barker CM. Impact of temperature on the extrinsic incubation period of Zika virus in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Mar 18. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008047
- Tetreau G, Banneville AS, Andreeva EA, Brewster AS, Hunter MS, Federici B et al. Serial femtosecond crystallography on in vivo-grown crystals drives elucidation of mosquitocidal cyt1aa bioactivation cascade. Nat Commun. 2020 Mar 2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14894-w
- Chen J, Aimanova KG, Gill S. Aedes cadherin receptor that mediates Bacillus thuringiensis Cry11A toxicity is essential for mosquito development. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Feb 3. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007948
- Cornel AJ, Bargielowski IE, Collier TC, Weakley AM, Blosser EM, Lanzaro GC… Lee Y. Complete mitogenome sequences of Aedes (Howardina) busckii and Aedes (Ochlerotatus) taeniorhynchus from the Caribbean Island of Saba. Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 2020 Feb. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2020.1730720
- Li M, Yang T, Kandul NP, Bui M, Lanzaro GC, Lee Y et al. Development of a confinable gene drive system in the human disease vector Aedes aegypti. Elife. 2020 Jan 21. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.51701
- Amos BA, Staunton KM, Ritchie SA, Cardé RT. Attraction versus capture: efficiency of BG-sentinel trap under semi-field conditions and characterizing response behaviors for female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 2020 Jan 16. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz243
- Walton WE, Eldridge BF. Mosquitoes. ANR Publication No. 7451, UC IPM Pest Notes. 8 p. 2020. http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7451.html
2019
- Yoon C, Madrid F, West M, Keogh E. A computational system to support fully automated mark-recapture studies of ants. 2019 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence. IEEE. 2019 Dec. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCI49370.2019.00285
- Pascoe EL, Stephenson N, Abigana A, Clifford D, Gabriel M, Foley J. Human seroprevalence of tick-borne Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Rickettsia Species in Northern California. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2019 Nov 27. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2019.2489
- Estrada I, Balagot C, Fierro M, Kriner P, Kjemptrup A, Foley J et al. Spotted Fever group Rickettsiae canine serosurveillance near the US-Mexico Border in California. Zoonoses Public Health. 2019 Nov 26. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12666
- Why AM, Walton, WE. Oviposition behavior of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) responding to semiochemicals associated with the Western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (Cyprinodontiformes: Poecilliidae). J Med Entomol. 2019 Nov 19. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz204
- Hadfield J, Brito AF, Swetnam DM, Vogels CBF, Tokarz RE, Andersen KG, et al. Twenty years of West Nile virus spread and evolution in the Americas visualized by Nextstrain. PLoS Pathog. 2019 Oct. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008042
- Holeva-Eklund W, Behrens T, Hepp C. 2019. Systematic Review: the impact of socioeconomic factors on Aedes aegypti mosquito distribution in the mainland United States. 2019 Oct. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201910.0190.v1.
- Pascoe EL, Pareeth S, Rocchini D, Marcantonio M. 2019. A lack of “environmental Earth data” at the microhabitat scale impacts the surveillance of invasive arthropods that vector pathogens. Data. 2019 Sept. https://doi.org/10.3390/data4040133
- Barker CM. Models and surveillance systems to detect and predict West Nile virus outbreaks. J Med Entomol. 2019 Sept 24. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz150
- López-Pérez AM, Sánchez-Montes S, Foley J, Guzmán-Cornejo C, Colunga-Salas P, Pascoe E et al. Molecular evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto and Rickettsia massiliae in ticks collected from a domestic-wild carnivore interface in Chihuahua, Mexico. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2019 Aug. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.05.018
- Pascoe EL, Marcantonio M, Caminade C, Foley JE. Modeling potential habitat for Amblyomma tick species in California. Insects. 2019 Jul 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10070201
- Foley J, Tinoco-Gracia L, Rodriguez-Lomelí M, Estrada-Guzmán J, Fierro M & Mattar-Lopez E et al. unbiased assessment of abundance of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Sensu Lato ticks, canine exposure to spotted Fever group Rickettsia, and risk factors in Mexicali, México. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2019 Jul. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0878
- Hepp CM. Towards Translational Epidemiology: next-generation sequencing and phylogeography as epidemiological mainstays. mSystems. 2019 Jun 11. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00119-19
- Pesapane R, Foley J, Thomas R, Castro LR. Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from northern Colombia. Vet Microbiol. 2019 Jun. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.05.002
- Marcantonio M, Winokur OC, Barker CM. Revisiting alkali metals as a tool to characterize patterns of mosquito dispersal and oviposition. Insects. 2019 May 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10080220
- Lee Y, Schmidt H, Collier TC, Conner WR, Lanzaro GC, Cornel AJ et al. Genome-wide divergence among invasive populations of Aedes Aegypti in California. BMC Genomics. 2019 Mar 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5586-4
- Marcantonio M, Barker CM. Revising alkali metals as a tool for mark-recapture studies tocharacterize patterns of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) dispersal and oviposition. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 1-5. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- Lee Y, Schmidt H, Collier TC, Weakley AM, Gripkey H, et al. Population genomics of Aedes aegypti in California. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 23-29. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- Swetnam D, Stuart J, Fang Y, Garcia S, Barker C, et al. Movement of St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Western United States, 2014-2018. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 30. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- Holcomb KM, Reiner RC, Barker CM. Estimates of aerial adulticide efficacy based on 12 years of mosquito surveillance in Sacramento-Yolo MVCD. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 31-32. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- De La Vega S, Ryan B, Thiemann T. Pyrethroid resistance in Culex tarsalis. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 33. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- Abusaa ST, Reiner RC, Barker CM. Towards comparable estimates of urban Aedes Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 102-103. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- Donnelly MAP, Main B, Kluh S, Barker CM. Aedes aegypti blood- and sugar-feeding patterns in Los Angeles, California. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 104-105. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- Winokur OC, Main B, Nicholson J, Barker CM. Extrinsic incubation period of Zika virus in Aedes aegypti. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 106-107. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- Stiles PC, Caminade C, Barker CM. Effects of short-term weather on the observed abundance of West Nile virus vectors. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 140-142. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- De La Vega S, Huang S, Ryan B, Thiemann T. Determining pyrethroid resistance and resistance mechanisms in Northern California populations of Culex tarsalis. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 156. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- Simpson JK, Main B, Brisco K, Fonseca N, Cornel AJ, Kim J, Barker CM. New CalSurv Gateway tools for management and analysis of bottle bioassays. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 157. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- Goldmann A, Doyle M, Walton WE. Bromeliads as Aedes breeding habitat in the San Gabriel Valley. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 22. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- Walton WE. Constructed wetlands still produce mosquitoes… Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 46-50. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
- Walton WE, Barker CM. Pacific Southwest Center of Excellence in Vector-Borne Diseases. Proceedings and Papers of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association 87: 20. https://www.mvcac.org/amg/wp-content/uploads/MVCAC-Proceedings-Full-2019.pdf
2018
- Diaz A, Coffey LL, Burkett-Cadena N, Day JF. Reemergence of St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Americas. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018 Dec. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2412.180372
- Schmidt H, Hanemaaijer MJ, Cornel AJ, Lanzaro GC, Braack L, Lee Y. Complete mitogenome sequence of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti derived from field isolates from California and South Africa. Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 2018 Oct. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1495117
- Sadeghi M, Altan E, Deng X, Barker CM, Fang Y, Coffey LL, Delwart E. Virome of >12 thousand Culex mosquitoes from throughout California. Virology. 2018 Oct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.029
- Main BJ, Nicholson J, Winokur OC, Steiner C, Riemersma KK, Stuart J…Coffey LL. Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, and Culex quinquefasciatus from California for Zika virus. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2018 Jun. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006524
- Steiner CD, Riemersma KK, Stuart JB, Singapuri A, Lothrop HD, Coffey LL. 2018. Scented sugar baits enhance detection of St. Louis encephalitis and West Nile viruses in mosquitoes in Suburban California. J of Med Entomol. 2018 Apr. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy064
- Santodomingo A, Cotes-Perdomo A, Foley J, Castro LR. Rickettsial infection in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from reptiles in the Colombian Caribbean. Ticks Tick-borne Dis. 2018 Mar. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.02.003
- Vogel H, Foley J, Fiorello CV. Rickettsia africae and novel rickettsial strain in Amblyomma Ticks, Nicaragua, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(2):385-387. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2402.161901
2017
- Federici, BA. Engineering synthesis of bacterial mosquito larvicides to improve efficacy and knowledge of their mode of action. Institute of Structural Biology. 2017 Dec 8. Grenoble, France.
- Chen J, Aimanova K, Gill SS. Functional characterization of Aedes aegypti alkaline phosphatase ALP1 involved in the toxicity of Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and jegathesan. Peptides. 2017 Dec; 98:78-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2017.05.011